Online Biblical Studies Resources

The Internet is a phenomenal thing. One need not do too much more than sit down at a computer, and one has literally thousands of resources for biblical studies at one’s fingertips—some worthless, some priceless. Both for my own convenience and for the convenience of anyone else who may find such resources useful, I have compiled a list here. I will continue to add resources as I find them.

Greek Resources

Greek Bibles

• The Online Greek Bible
• Zhubert’s online Greek Bible (including the LXX) and study tools
• Greek New Testament search with textual variants
• The Septuagint (LXX) online

Lexical and Morphological Tools

• Liddell-Scott lexicon online at Perseus; also included in the incredibly useful free software Diogenes.
• Perseus Greek Morphological Analysis
• Other text/lexical tools at Perseus
• Kalos offers free software for lexical and morphological analysis as well as inflection charts
• An online version of BAG (i.e. the first English edition of what is now BDAG)
• An online version of Louw and Nida, A Greek-English Lexicon Based on Semantic Domains
• S. C. Woodhouse, English-Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language
• Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament, fully downloadable in PDF form
• Online Greek paradigms quizzes
• Online Greek vocabulary flashcards based on Metzger’s Lexical Aides for Students of New Testament Greek

Grammar Resources

• The Institute of Biblical Greek has a great collection of resources
• Greek Grammar on the Web, a huge, categorized compilation of online Greek resources
• Smyth’s Greek Grammar viewable online at Perseus, and fully downloadable in PDF form from Textkit
• Goodwin’s Greek Grammar, fully downloadable in PDF form at Textkit
• Clyde W. Votaw, The Use of the Infinitive in Biblical Greek, fully downloadable from Google Books
• James Hope Moulton, A Grammar of New Testament Greek; also here.
• Burton, Syntax of Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek; also here.
• Jay C. Treat, Differences Between Classical and Hellenistic Greek
• Wallace’s Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics, partially viewable from Google Books
• Blass (trans. by Thackeray), Grammar of New Testament Greek
• A. T. Robertson, Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research
• Winer, Stuart, and Robinson, A Greek Grammar of the New Testament
• Davis’ Beginner’s Grammar of the Greek New Testament
• Jannaris, An Historical Greek Grammar
• Other Greek resources at Textkit
• All sorts of resources for learning Greek can be found at the It’s All Greek to You! blog

History of the Greek Language and the Historical Greek Pronunciation

• Brian Joseph, “Ancient Greek,” in Encyclopedia of the World’s Major Languages, Past and Present, ed. Jane Garry, et al. (H. J. Wilson, 2001), pp. 256-262.
• “History of the Greek Language” from Translexis
• “Short History of the Greek Language,” a translation of a chapter from the Modern-Greek Grammar
• J. Machen on the language of the New Testament, from the Introduction to his New Testament Greek for Beginners
• Adolph Deissmann’s Bible Studies
• Chrys C. Caragounis, “The Error of Erasmus and Un-Greek Pronunciations of Greek,” Filología Neotestamentaria 8 (1995).
• Randall Buth, “Ἡ Κοινὴ Προφορά (Koine Pronunciation): Notes on the Pronunciation System of Phonemic Koine Greek“
• Carl Conrad, “A Compendium of Ancient Greek Phonology“

Hebrew Resources

Hebrew Bibles

• Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS) online at the German Bible Society’s web site (site is in German)
• Online 1839 Biblia Hebraica
• Interactive version of the 1839 Biblia Hebraica
• For online versions of the LXX, see Greek Resources

Lexical and Morphological Tools

• Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon online
• Online Hebrew paradigms quizzes

Grammar Resources

• Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar, fully downloadable from Google Books
• Ancient Hebrew: A Student Grammar, by John A. Cook and Robert D. Holmstedt

Other Hebrew Resources

• Various resources for learning Hebrew can be found on the “Hebrew Resources” page at משלי אדם
• AnimatedHebrew.com contains many different resources for learning Hebrew, including vocabulary and verb form flashcards
• MP3 recordings of the entire Hebrew Bible, chapter-by-chapter

Aramaic Resources

• The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon

Latin Resources

Latin Bibles

• Latin Vulgate Bible online with search
• Biblia Sacra Vulgata at Biblegateway.com

Lexical Tools

• An online version of Lewis and Short at Perseus
• Online Latin-English dictionary
• Glossary of Latin words
• The University of Notre Dame’s online Latin Dictionary and Grammar Aid

Grammar Resources

• Allen and Greenough’s Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges, fully downloadable from Google Books
• Charles E. Bennett, A Latin Grammar, also fully downloadable from Google Books.
• Latin resources at Textkit

Coptic Resources

Coptic Bibles

• Coptic New Testament, and many other resources

Learning Aids

• Online Coptic lessons in text, video, and audio formats
• More online Coptic lessons
• Lance’s Coptic Language Resources, including learning aids and readings

Grammar Resources

• Plumley’s Introductory Coptic Grammar online
• Ludwig Stern, Koptische Grammatik, fully downloadable from Google Books (in German, obviously)
• Another list of digital Coptic resources compiled by Christian Askeland

Fonts

Greek

• SBL Greek Font (Unicode)

Semitic

• SBL Hebrew Font (Unicode)
• Tanach Paleo-Hebrew (Unicode)
• Ancient Semitic fonts package (includes everything from proto-Canaanite and paleo-Hebrew to Aramaic and square script Hebrew)

Coptic

• SPAchmim
  

Online Bibles

In Original Languages

• See “Bibles” subsections under the Greek Resources and Hebrew Resources sections.

In English and Other Languages

• Biblegateway.com
• The Blue Letter Bible (also has Greek and Hebrew)
• Crosswalk.com Bible and Study Tools
• NET Bible

Parallel Versions

• Online Parallel Bible
• The Unbound Bible
• Studylight.org Parallel Bible
• The Five Gospel Parallels (the four canonicals plus GThomas)
  

Non-Canonical Texts

New Testament Apocrypha, Pseudepigrapha, and Fathers

• The Christian Classics Ethereal Library has texts in Greek, Latin, English, and other languages
• Early Christian Writings
• Pseudepigrapha, Apocrypha, and Sacred Writings (see section on NT)
• The Nag Hammadi Library online
• The Gospel of Thomas, Brill translation
• The Secret Gospel of Mark Homepage, including the Greek text and translations in English, German, Russian, and Polish

Old Testament Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha

• Early Jewish Writings
• Online Critical Pseudepigrapha
• Pseudepigrapha, Apocrypha, and Sacred Writings (see section on OT)
• The Apocrypha: Greek and English, in Parallel Columns, fully downloadable from Google Books
• H. T. Andrews, The Apocryphal Books of the Old and New Testaments, fully downloadable from Google Books

Other Writings

• Early Jewish Writings (see sections on Philo of Alexandria and Flavius Josephus)
• Ancient Jewish Accounts of Jesus (crosslisted in Historical Jesus section)
• Josephus’ works online
• Flavii Iosephi Opera Omnia, the Greek text of Josephus’ works, fully downloadable from Google Books
• The Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius Pamphilus, and Eusebii Caesariensis Opera (in Greek), both fully downloadable from Google Books

Textual Criticism

Papyrology

• Harvard Digital Papyrus Collection
• Duke University Papyrus Archive
• Oxford University’s Manuscripts
• Princeton Papyri
• University of Michigan Papyrus Collection
• The Oxyrhynchus Papyri
• Biblical Manuscripts Project (Emory University)
• The Ancient History Documentary Research Centre (Macquarie University)
• The Center for Epigraphical and Palaeographical Studies (Ohio State University)
• PHI, a searchable database of Greek inscriptions
• Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri hosted by Perseus
• Codex Sinaiticus online

The Synoptic Problem

• The Synoptic Problem Homepage
• The Four Color Synopsis (at the Synoptic Problem Homepage)
• The Five Gospel Parallels
• Daniel B. Wallace, “The Synoptic Problem,” at Bible.org

General TC Resourcs

• Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts
• An Online Textual Commentary on the Greek Gospels
• Electronic Critical Editions of the Gospel of John (in Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Coptic)
• April DeConick’s List of Internet Resources
• The Encyclopedia of New Testament Textual Criticism
• TC: A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism (crosslisted in the Journals & Articles section)
• Bruce M. Metzger, “Important Early Translations of the Bible,” Bibliotheca Sacra 150 (Oct 1993).

The New Testament Use of the Old Testament

• Parallel Passages in the New Testament quoted from Old Testament at Blue Letter Bible
• Reading the Old Testament in the New: The Gospel of Matthew
• Quotations in the New Testament at Bible.org
• Joel Kalvesmaki’s table of OT quotes in the NT
• Robert L. Thomas, “The New Testament Use of the Old Testament,” The Master’s Seminary Journal 13/1 (Spring 2002)

The Historical Jesus

Online Books and Articles

• Albert Schweitzer, The Quest of the Historical Jesus, fully downloadable from Google Books
• Risto Santala, The Messiah in the New Testament in the Light of Rabbinical Writings, fully viewable online
• Rudolph Bultmann, Jesus and the Word, fully viewable online
• Richard Longenecker, “The Jesus of History and the Christ of Faith: Some Contemporary Reflections,” McMaster Journal of Theology and Ministry
• John P. Meier, “The Historical Jesus and the Historical Samaritans: What Can Be Said?” Biblica 81 (2000)
• Jonathan Reed, “Excavating Jesus,” at Bible and Interpretation

Primary Texts

• Ancient Jewish Accounts of Jesus (crosslisted in the Non-Canonical Writings section)
• Into His Own is a collection of primary texts for exploring and understanding the world in which Jesus lived
• Jesus of Nazareth in Early Christian Gospels

Other Historical Jesus Resources

• From Jesus to Christ is an accompaniment website for the PBS show of the same name, with some useful articles and resources on the historical Jesus
• The Jewish Roman World of Jesus by Dr. James Tabor
• The official site of the Jesus Seminar Forum
• A Portrait of Jesus explores the historical Jesus through the work of Marcus Borg
• The FFF list of Historical Jesus resources provides a wealth of valuable lectures, articles, books, and websites, etc.

The Ancient World

Archaeology

• Biblical Archaeology Society
• The Foundation for Biblical Archaeology
• Israel Antiquities Authority
• Art and Archaeology at Perseus
• Palestine in the Time of Jesus, an accompaniment website for the book of the same name, with maps, pictures, and other useful media
• The Bible and Interpretation
• BiblePlaces.com
• 360 degree panoramic views of some ancient sites at 360cities.net
• Get Lost in Jerusalem, a virtual reality tour of Jerusalem
• The Virtual World Project from Creighton University provides pictures and virtual reality tours of archaeological sites in Israel and Jordan

Numismatics

• The Handbook of Biblical Numismatics
• American Numismatic Society collections
• Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum
• Roman Provincial Coinage Online (Oxford University)
• Australian Centre for Ancient Numismatic Studies resources (Macquarie University)
• The Coinage of Julius Caesar (ACANS, Macquarie University)
• The Coinage of Ephesus (ACANS, Macquarie University)
• Digital Library Numis
• The Israel Numismatic Society resources

The Graeco-Roman World

• R. K. Yerkes, Sacrifice in Greek and Roman Religions and Early Judaism, fully downloadable in PDF form
• The Jewish Roman World of Jesus by James Tabor
• The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites at Perseus
• Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities at Perseus
• Peter Green, Hellenistic History & Culture
• Illustrated History of the Roman Empire
• David DeSilva, “Honor & Shame: Connecting Personhood to Group Values” (the first chapter from his book Honor, Patronage, Kinship & Purity)

The Ancient Near East

• ETANA: Electronic Tools and Ancient Near Eastern Archives
• Art of the Ancient Near East
• The University of Chicago’s digital library project on the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean world
• The Virtual Religion Index has a large collection of resources on the Ancient Near East
• Ralph Klein’s excellent collection of ANE resources
• ANE resources at OT Gateway

Maps

• BibleMap.org
• Maps for Students from UNC-Chapel Hill
• Images and Maps from Blue Letter Bible
• Biblical Maps and Historical Maps for Bible Study

Online (Freely Accessible) Journals & Articles

• Biblicalstudies.org.uk hosts a huge collection of journal articles, lectures, and essays
• Filología Neotestamentaria
• SIL Journal of Translation
• Journal of Biblical Studies
• Journal of Greco-Roman Christianity and Judaism
• Wesleyan Theological Journal
• Biblica
• Biblical Archaeology Review
• The N. T. Wright Page contains mounds of articles, lectures, sermons, etc. from the acclaimed Bishop of Durham
• The Paul Page contains a collection scholarly articles and other resources dealing with the New Perspective on Paul
• TC: A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism (crosslisted in the Textual Criticism section)

Bibliographies

• Creighton University’s bibliographies on New Testament and Early Christianity

Biblioblogs

• Biblioblogs.com contains the ‘canonical’ list of blogs dealing with biblical studes, etc.
• Here is an extremely thorough list of biblio- and related blogs
• Here is a useful list of biblioblogs by students, classified both by geographical location and degree program.

Other Resource Lists

• The New Testament Gateway, by Dr. Mark Goodacre
• April DeConick’s list of Internet Resources
• Biblical Studies Resources, by Dr. Jim West
• Resource Pages for Biblical Studies
• Journal of Biblical Studies Resources page
• Ted Hildebrandt’s Biblical eSources

Enjoy! If you are aware of any useful resources that I have not included here, I would like to know of them.